Do Computers Call for Training? Firm-level Evidence on Complementarities Between ICT and Human Capital Investments

This paper explores whether investments in information and communication technologies (ICT) and firm?sponsored training programmes are complementary. Three approaches are applied to panel data from German service companies for the time period 1994?98. Results for a system of interrelated factor demands indicate that training complements ICT but not other capital goods. SYS?GMM estimates of production functions reveal that ICT capital is most productive if complemented by training measures in skill?intensive firms. Comparing the impacts on productivity and wage costs shows that ICT raise the profitability of training high?skilled employees. --Productivity,Training,Information and Communication Technologies,Complementarities,Services,Panel Data

Global estimates and projections of mortality by cause, 1970-2015

The authors report estimates and projections of deaths by cause for major world regions, based on data from country reports to the World Health Organization and regression models. They report mortality rates for seven major causes: infectious and parasitic diseases, neoplasms, circulatory system diseases, complications of pregnancy, certain perinatal conditions, injury and poisoning, and other causes. Some more specific causes are reported on. They give estimates for six age groups by sex for four years (1970, 1985, 2000, and 2015) and six country groups: industrial market economies, industrial nonmarket economies, Latin America and the Caribbean, sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, and Asia and the Pacific. Among their findings: The population over 45 in developing countries is projected to more than double between 1985 and 2015, rising from 17 to 24 percent of the population. Causes of death, which are closely related to age at death, must change accordingly. Infant mortality in developing countries is projected to fall from 78 per thousand in 1985 to 43 per thousand in 2015 and life expectancy at birth in developing countries is projected to rise by five years. The leading causes of death for the world as a whole for both 1970 and 1985 were infectious and parasitic diseases and circulatory system diseases - with the first more important in developing countries, and the second more important in developed countries. Certain perinatal conditions were also more important for developing countries, but accounted for only a fourth or a fifth as many deaths in 1985. Neoplasms were more important in developed than in developing countries. Deaths from infectious diseases are expected to decline as a percentage of deaths; proportionate deaths from diseases of the circulatory system are expected to rise. The greatest number of deaths will continue to be in Asia, where almost half of all deaths in the world take place. This proportion is not projected to change. Better data on causes of death are essential. The World Health Organization is working with countries to strengthen their cause-of-death information systems as an essential support for health monitoring.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Health Indicators,Early Child and Children's Health,Adolescent Health,Demographics

ベトナム南部における漁業共同体の社会文化問題と発展 : カマウ州トラン・バン・トイ郡ソン・ドック共同体のケース・スタディ

東京海洋大学博士学位論文 平成26年度(2014) 応用環境システム学専攻 課程博士 甲第356号指導教員 : 岩淵聡文全文公表年月日: 2015-06-26東京海洋大学201

Do Computers Call for Training? Firm-level Evidence on Complementarities Between ICT and Human Capital Investments

This paper explores whether investments in information and communication technologies (ICT) and firms sponsored training programmes are complementary. Three approaches are applied to panel data from German service companies for the time period 1994. Results for a system of interrelated factor demands indicate that training complements ICT but not other capital goods. SYS GMM estimates of production functions reveal that ICT capital is most productive if complemented by training measures in skill intensive firms. Comparing the impacts on productivity and wage costs shows that ICT raise the profitability of training high skilled employees

The meaning of prayer: a case model for spiritual renewal

https://place.asburyseminary.edu/ecommonsatsdissertations/1058/thumbnail.jp

Privatisierung und Deregulierung in �sterreich in den 90er Jahren: Einige Anmerkungen aus Sicht der Neuen Politischen �konomie

Schriftliche Fassung eines Vortrages anl�sslich der Tagung zum Thema "Deregulierung und Privatisierung: Erfahrungen Problem-Potentiale" des Wirtschaftspolitischen Ausschusses des Vereins für Socialpolitik vom 27.-29.03.2001 an der Universit�t St. Gallen, St. Gallen, CH.

Inflammation, Depression and Non-adherence Correlates in Persons on Hemodialysis

The hemodialysis patient is at risk for a high inflammatory state as evidenced by the elevation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 which has been linked to lower serotonin levels and development of depression. The biological and psychological stress of living with End Stage Renal Disease on hemodialysis increases the risk for depression which is the leading psychological disorder affecting these patients which is also underdiagnosed and under-treated. The phenomenon of depression can manifest itself in the maladaptive behavior of non-adherence which has been associated with increased mortality, morbidity and decreased quality of life for the hemodialysis patient. The purpose of this study is to determine if there is relationship between inflammation, depression and non-adherence among persons in End Stage Renal Disease on hemodialysis. Prior studies have shown a link between inflammation and depression and depression and non-adherence, but little is known about the possible relationship between inflammation and non-adherence with depression as a mediating factor. Establishing this relationship may build a framework upon which to develop future interventional studies to understand the links between the phenomena and approaches towards addressing nonadherence in the hemodialysis population. This study examined the relationship between inflammation, depression, and non-adherence in Hemodialysis (HD) patients. A total of 67 subjects on HD at least three times a week, 3 hours per treatment with a minimal vintage of 12 months were included. Interleukin-6, a twelve- month average of phosphorous and potassium levels, intradialytic weight gains (IDWG) and number of missed/shortened treatments, Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) scores, and End Stage Renal Disease Adherence Questionnaire (ESRD-AQ) scores were collected. Depression prevalence was 48%. There were significant relationships between IL-6 and BDI-II scores (p=0.001); BDI-II as a predictor of IDWG(p=0.048); Il-6 and IDWG, ESRD-AQ total and Diet, Medication and Treatment score percentages (p=0.002-0.05). IL-6 was not a significant predictor of IDWG with BDI-II scores as a mediating factor

Meio ambiente, Estado e inovações : o desenvolvimento verde na China

Não é de hoje que questões concernentes ao desenvolvimento verde estão em pauta entre governantes e economistas. A situação ambiental está conectada de forma intrínseca a questões sociais, como a melhoria da qualidade de vida, educação e saúde. Assim, países em desenvolvimento podem acabar sofrendo uma dupla desvantagem, na medida em que, ao mesmo tempo em que sofrem grandes impactos derivados da degradação ambiental e das mudanças climáticas, espera-se que exerçam contribuições para sua mitigação, através da redução de suas emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa (GEE), o que pode ser custoso em termos de seu desenvolvimento econômico. A China é atualmente a maior economia global em paridade do poder de compra e a segunda maior em dólares correntes, sendo também a segunda maior investidora em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&D). No entanto, ainda é o país mais poluidor do mundo, responsável por aproximadamente 27% das emissões de GEE de todo o planeta. Por outro lado, nos anos recentes vem se tornando referência no que diz respeito à ecoinovação. Ocorre que, em seus estágios iniciais, a indústria verde dificilmente surgiria naturalmente através de forças de mercado, fazendo-se necessária uma participação ativa do Estado. O objetivo desse estudo é explorar as relações entre inovação e políticas de desenvolvimento na China, mais especificamente no que diz respeito a inovações voltadas para o meio ambiente e um desenvolvimento mais verde e menos predatório, com foco em observar a atuação do Estado e de que modo esses objetivos e metas são viabilizados. Para isso, fez-se uso de fontes primárias - a saber, planos, pronunciamentos, acordos internacionais, etc. – disponíveis online, compreendendo um período de dezesseis anos, de 2006 a 2021. As principais conclusões aqui estabelecidas são que existe a presença de uma Política de Estado, de modo que um Plano Quinquenal surge para complementar o já vinha sendo feito no anterior, além de uma visão de longo prazo; o governo chinês atua como um Estado empreendedor, de forma consciente e intencional, possuindo uma visão de que o desenvolvimento ocorre através de mudanças estruturais e da inovação e se propondo a promover a modernização industrial a partir da inovação científica, orientar o fluxo de investimentos, talentos e tecnologia para as empresas, instigar a união estratégica de P&D e produção e gerar aumento da competitividade do núcleo industrial; há também o desenvolvimento de um Sistema Nacional de Inovação, ocorrendo interações entre ciência, tecnologia, aprendizado, produção, políticas e demanda, compreendendo um processo inovativo gradual e cumulativo, visando o desenvolvimento tecnológico doméstico e independente da importação de tecnologia estrangeira.It is not novelty that issues concerning green development are on the agenda among government officials and economists. The environmental situation is intrinsically connected to social issues, such as improving the quality of life, education and health. Thus, developing countries may end up suffering a double disadvantage, insofar as, at the same time that they suffer major impacts from environmental degradation and climate change, they are expected to make contributions to their mitigation, by reducing their Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions, which can be at cost of their economic development. China is currently the largest global economy in purchasing power parity and the second largest in current dollars, and is also the second largest investor in Research and Development (R&D). However, it is still the most polluting country in the world, responsible for approximately 27% of the planet's GHG emissions. On the other hand, in recent years it has become a reference with regard to ecoinnovation. The point is that in its initial stages, the green industry would hardly arise naturally through market forces, which makes an active participation of the State necessary. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between innovation and development policies in China, specifically with regard to innovations focused on the environment and a greener and less predatory development, with a focus on observing the role of the State and how these objectives and goals are made possible. For this, primary sources were used - plans, pronouncements, international agreements, etc. – available online, covering a period of sixteen years, from 2006 to 2021. The main conclusions established here are that there is the presence of a State Policy, so that a Five Year Plan emerges to complement what was already being done in the previous one, in addition to a long-term vision; the Chinese government acts as an entrepreneurial state, consciously and intentionally, having a vision that development occurs through structural changes and innovation and proposing to promote industrial modernization based on scientific innovation, guide the flow of investments, talent and technology for companies, instigate the strategic union of R&D and production and generate an increase in the competitiveness of the industrial core; there is also the development of a National Innovation System, with interactions between science, technology, learning, production, policies and demand, comprising a gradual and cumulative innovative process, aiming a domestic technological development, independent of the importation of foreign technology